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Variabilita hlasu drozda zpěvného \kur{(Turdus philomelos)}
MAJEROVÁ, Veronika
I studied the variability of the species-specific song of the Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos) and its vocal mimicry. Individuals were recorded, and the sequences were subsequently analysed. I tested several hypotheses that deal with avian vocal mimicry. In this work, the influence of vegetation structure and abiotic factors on the use of imitated species in Song Thrush voice was also presented.
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Ecology of ants along elevational rainforest gradients in the tropics
MOSES, Jimmy
The thesis investigates the community ecology and species diversity of tropical ants on tropical mountains. The primary focus is on the changes in the ground-dwelling ant communities along elevational rainforest gradients, and how their elevational patterns are influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors. First, we investigated how elevation, leaf litter depth and their interaction affect the abundance, species richness and composition of ground-dwelling ants on Mt. Wilhelm (Papua New Guinea). Next, we investigated how ant communities change with forest succession in time along an extensive tropical elevational gradient in Southern Papua New Guinea. The aim was to assess both spatial and temporal trends in the ant communities and whether these changes could serve as indicators towards ecological recovery after human-induced forest disturbance. Finally, we assessed the relationships of ant species richness and activity, and their relative use of six nutrients, with elevation and season in three different tropical mountain regions (New Guinea,Tanzania and Ecuador).
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Natural regeneration of spruce stands in Vysoké Tatry (High Tatras) after large scale disturbation
Michalová, Zuzana ; Weiser, Martin (advisor) ; Wild, Jan (referee)
The observational study on natural regeneration of Norway spruce (Picea abies) was provided during seasons 2010 and 2011 in the windthrow area of High Tatra National Park. The main aim of this master thesis was to describe the distribution pattern in Norway spruce regeneration as well as to estimate the spatial scale, which most preciselly describes the differences in its phenotypic variability. Following step was to determine the relative influence of abiotic and stand factors on the growth characteristics and abundance of spruce seedlings. The Main focus lied on stressing the role of biotic interactions, like intraspecific and interspecific competition, leading to certain discrepancies in the phenotype, as well as in abundance of spruce seedlings.The reponse in variability in spruce traits was recognized at each spatial level. The results showed clear causality between soil moisture and vegetation composition, which both directly modified not only the phenotype of spruce seedlings and plants, but have even influenced their counts on particular stands.
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The effect of habitat continuity and management on species composition and diversity
Hubáčková, Barbora ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Semi-natural grasslands of the eastern Moravia have big potential to host species-rich plant communities. However, changes in land-use during the second half of the last century were rapid and vast and many grasslands had been ploughed over. In the early 80s some arable lands were sown with low diversity clover-grass mixture and transferred back to grassland. Restoration of grasslands on former arable fields is a major challenge. Their colonisation by grassland species may be complicated by initial seeding productive low diversity seed mixtures. The aim of this study was to estimate differences in species composition and species diversity between ex-arable artificially seeded grasslands and fragments of grasslands with continuity over 70 years in the north part of White Carpathian Mts., SE Czech Republic and identify species traits limiting species ability to colonize the ex-arable grasslands. Target plant species (total of 137) were surveyed on 66 grasslands. Surveyed grasslands were according to continuity and type of management. Coordinates of centroids from each polygon (i. e. surveyed grassland) were used to treat the spatial correlation of the surveyed grasslands. The effect of continuity on species composition and diversity was tested after accounting for differences in the management and...
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Importance of biotic and abiotic components in feedback between plants and soil
Hanzelková, Věra ; Pánková, Hana (advisor) ; Knappová, Jana (referee)
The plant-soil feedback affects the forming of a plant community. Plants affect their own species as well as other species. The plant-soil feedback can be both positive and negative. Plants affect soil, change its properties, and the soil affects the plants reciprocally. Soil components can be divided into biotic and abiotic ones. The abiotic component is represented by physical and chemical properties of the soil. The main properties are the soil structure, the soil moisture, the soil temperature, the soil pH and the amount and availability of nutrients. The biotic component is composed of soil biota. The individual organisms can function as decomposers, symbionts and pathogens. The majority of soil organisms is composed of microorganisms, the most important of which are fungi and bacteria. The effect of the abiotic component in plant-soil feedback is mostly nonspecific, while the effect of the biotic component is more specific. These components interact with each other and determine the resulting effect on the plants and the type and intensity of interaction between various plant species. The aim of this thesis is to show the importance of these components in the plant-soil feedback. Key words: plant-soil feedback, abiotic factors, biotic factors, soil structure, soil water, soil temperature, pH,...
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Mechanisms affecting plant-soil feedback in invasive species
Drtinová, Lucie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Rumlerová, Zuzana (referee)
Invasive plants worldwide cause considerable ecologic and economic damage. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of plant invasion. One of the explanations of the success of invasive plants is their effective use of feedback interactions between plant and soil. Plant-soil feedback greatly affects the prosperity of a plant. While in most plants the intraspecific feedback is negative, invasive species show less negative or even positive intraspecific feedback. This may be due to the fact that invasive plants have the ability to alter soil composition to their advantage. This work deals with the individual components of plant-soil feedback, abiotic and biotic factors influencing the process, and summarizes their importance for plant invasion. The subject of the following diploma thesis will be a research on the significance of the individual biotic and abiotic components of the plant-soil feedback and assessing their importance for plant invasion. Key words: plant invasions, plant-soil feedback, mutualism, biotic factors, abiotic factors
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Natural regeneration of spruce stands in Vysoké Tatry (High Tatras) after large scale disturbation
Michalová, Zuzana ; Weiser, Martin (advisor) ; Wild, Jan (referee)
The observational study on natural regeneration of Norway spruce (Picea abies) was provided during seasons 2010 and 2011 in the windthrow area of High Tatra National Park. The main aim of this master thesis was to describe the distribution pattern in Norway spruce regeneration as well as to estimate the spatial scale, which most preciselly describes the differences in its phenotypic variability. Following step was to determine the relative influence of abiotic and stand factors on the growth characteristics and abundance of spruce seedlings. The Main focus lied on stressing the role of biotic interactions, like intraspecific and interspecific competition, leading to certain discrepancies in the phenotype, as well as in abundance of spruce seedlings.The reponse in variability in spruce traits was recognized at each spatial level. The results showed clear causality between soil moisture and vegetation composition, which both directly modified not only the phenotype of spruce seedlings and plants, but have even influenced their counts on particular stands.
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The Black and Red lists of the Giant Mountains flora: Do the extinct and endangered plants have common properties?
Blahník, Jan ; Čihař, Martin (referee) ; Krahulec, František (advisor)
A list of extinct and endangered species of the Giant Mountains was published in 2009, which presents a uniform view of vascular plants on the Polish and the Czech sides of the mountains. This Bachelor's Thesis is focused on the most endangered and the extinct species, for which common properties were sought, while it was not clear, whether such properties actually existed. The Bachelor's Thesis evaluates factors that could be traced in literature. Data concerning the type of propagation, which is of key importance for the maintenance of species, however, are not stated in literature for the absolute majority of cases. Easily traceable data concerned the properties of the subsoil, biotope types and properties, life form (was not eventually evaluated), phytogeographic areas, degrees of vegetation and endemism. It cannot be expected that a comparison of the results would show conformity anywhere in the region of 100%, yet certain signs of common properties can be deduced from some results. For example, for one-fifth to one-third of C1 and A1 category species a common property is an acid substrate, 30-40% of C1 category species occur in oreophytic areas, for some 30% of extinct and endangered species, the common sign is their occurrence in meadow sites, 30-40% of critically endangered species occur in...
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Biotic and abiotic factors affecting territorial and reproductive behaviour of dragonflies (Odonata)
KYBICOVÁ, Tereza
Habitat selection, territorial behaviour and reproductive behaviour of dragonflies (Odonata) are discussed and biotic and abiotic factors affecting their territorial and reproductive behaviour are reviewed. The most important biotic factors are predation risk affecting larval survival and the presence of aquatic vegetation, which provides spatial structure. The review is complemented by a field study of territorial and reproductive behavior of dragonflies at an experimental site, at which the quality of individual pools was manipulated by a combination of the presence or absence of artificial vegetation and the presence or absence of an introduced top predator (late-instar larvae of Anax and Aeshna).
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Impact of abiotic factors on community assembly of freshwater insect and other invertebrates in small standing water bodies.
DOSTÁLKOVÁ, Eva
This thesis discusses the abiotic factors that influence conditions for community assembly of water invertebrates organisms in small water reservoirs. The aim of this thesis was to compare the role of and interaction among main abiotic factors for the assembly process. In addition, main biotic factors playing role in community structuring are reviewed and the possibilities of abiotic factors to affect them are discussed. The thesis further reviews abiotic properties that affect colonizator?s habitat choice and summarizes their implication for community assembly.
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